聚合物熔体法制备纳米纤维技术研究现状

针对聚合物熔体法生产纳米纤维效率低、性能不稳定，无法规模化应用的现状，对熔体法制备纳米纤维技术进行了综述。首先根据熔体法制备纳米纤维原理，对现有熔体法制备纳米纤维方法进行分类和对比分析，并结合研究现状，认为将不同单一纳米纤维制备方法进行有机组合是熔体法制备纳米纤维的发展趋势；然后详细综述了熔体法制备纳米纤维的工艺参数与纤维线密度之间的关系，揭示了熔体法纺纳米纤维细化技术的共性问题；最后介绍了熔体微分静电纺丝技术在纳米纤维制备方面的主要成果，通过机制揭示、工艺优化、材料改性等关键技术，熔体微分静电纺丝技术实现了平均直径小于500 nm 纤维的规模化制备。

Review on processes of nanofiber prepared by polymer melt method

Aiming at the present status of low production efficiency, unstable performance and incapability of realizing large-scale application of nanofibers produced by polymer melt method, the current processes of preparing polymer nanofibers by melt were reviewed. First, current melt preparation methods of nanofiber were classified, compared and analyzed based on the principle of melt method. By combining the present research status, it was suggested that the combination of single nanofiber preparation methods is the development tendency of the preparation of melt nanofiber. Then the relationship between process parameters and fiber fineness was reviewed in detail, and the common problems in melt nanofiber preparation were revealed. In the end, the achievements and main processes of melt differential electrospinning were introduced. The large-scale production of nanofiber with the average diameter below 500 nm is realized by analyzing the mechanics, optimizing the process parameters of melt differential electrospinning technology as well as modifying materials.