原位合成颗粒增强铜基复合材料的研究进展

弥散强化型铜基复合材料，兼具优异的导电导热性能、高强度、良好的热稳定性和耐磨性，是核反应堆、航空器及高端装备中各种导电导热元件的关键材料，在核电、航空、交通、军事等诸多重要领域有不可替代的作用。原位合成法是在一定温度下金属基体内发生化学反应，原位生成一种或几种陶瓷增强体的技术。原位反应制备颗粒增强铜基复合材料存在两个重要的问题亟待解决：一是增强相的团聚问题，二是增强相的尺寸调控问题。本文总结了几种较为常用的制备弥散强化型铜基复合材料的原位合成方法，并对比分析了几种方法的特点、优劣及技术难点。同时，本文综述了原位合成法对铜基复合材料中颗粒尺寸和分布的影响，分析了原位合成法不同参数对复合材料力学及综合性能的影响规律，并从增强相颗粒形核与生长的原理出发，提出了促成细小弥散颗粒增强相的工艺方案。

Research Progress in Particle Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites Prepared by In-Situ Reaction Method

Granular reinforced copper matrix composites can combine high strength, thermal stability, wear resistance, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, with evenly dispersion particles. They are the key materials for various electrical and thermal conductivity components in nuclear reactors, aircraft and high-end equipment, and play an irreplaceable role in many important fields such as nuclear power, aviation, transportation and military. The in-situ preparation method is a technology that generates one or several ceramic reinforcements in situ through a chemical reaction in the metal matrix at a certain temperature. In-situ reaction preparation of particle-reinforced copper-based composites has two important problems to be solved urgently: one is the problem of agglomeration of the reinforcing phase, and the other is the problem of the size control of the reinforcing phase. This article summarized several commonly used in-situ reaction methods for preparing dispersion strengthened copper matrix composites, and compared the advantages, disadvantages, characteristics, and technical difficulties of these methods. The influence of in-situ reaction method on the size and distribution of particles in copper matrix composites was also reviewed. The influence of different parameters of in-situ reaction on the mechanics and comprehensive properties of copper matrix composites was analyzed. Based on the principle of nucleation and growth of reinforced phase particles, a process plan was proposed to promote the enhancement of fine dispersed particles in the reinforced phase.