Control of the structure,morphology and dielectric properties of bismuth titanate ceramics by praseodymium substitution using an intermediate fuel agent-assisted self-combustion synthesis |
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Authors: | Warapong Krengvirat Srimala Sreekantan M N Ahmad-Fauzi Charoen Chinwanitcharoen Go Kawamura Atsunori Matsuda |
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Affiliation: | (1) School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Penang, Malaysia;(2) Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand;(3) Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi 441-8580, Japan; |
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Abstract: | The volatilization of bismuth (Bi) species and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) leads to the presence of the oxygen vacancies (V
O00) and consequently restrains the properties of bismuth titanate (BIT; Bi4Ti3O12). This report presents the incorporation of different atomic ratios of praseodymium ion (Pr3+: x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) into the BIT (Bi4−x
Pr
x
Ti3O12) ceramics through an intermediate fuel agent-assisted self-combustion synthesis (IFSC). X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy
results revealed that some of bismuth ion (Bi3+) in the pseudo-perovskite layer containing Ti–O octahedra was substituted by Pr3+ ion. The substitution by ion with a smaller ionic radius caused the structure distortion and consequently resulted in the
phase transformation from an orthorhombic symmetry to a tetragonal symmetry. Besides, it suppressed the volatilization of
Bi and Bi2O3 and increased the stability of metal–oxygen octahedra in the BIT. These play a crucial role to control the crystal growth,
as well as limit the V
O00. Dense ceramic with a relative density up to 96.2% was obtained by incorporating Pr3+ with atomic ratio of 1.0. It exhibited high dielectric constant as 908.19 and low dissipation factor as 0.0011. The results
address the possibility to control the structure, morphology and dielectric properties of BIT ceramic by incorporating Pr3+ ion through IFSC. |
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