风电叶片涂料用树脂研究进展

风电叶片作为风机设备的核心部位,保证其良好运行,既可以提高发电效率,又能降低维护成本.受自然环境的影响,长时间运行的风电叶片往往比较脆弱,尤其是叶片前缘部位,极易受到风沙及雨蚀的损坏,目前最简单有效的方法是使用涂料进行防护.根据风电叶片所处的工作环境特点,提出了对防护涂料的主要要求.介绍了适用于风电叶片防护涂料的基体树脂,包括聚氨酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氟树脂、有机硅树脂和环氧树脂,并分别详细阐述了它们在风电叶片防护涂料方面的国内外研究进展及目前的应用.聚氨酯和丙烯酸聚氨酯树脂是目前使用最多的树脂,在高低温柔韧性、耐磨性及防风沙雨蚀方面表现优异,而氟树脂和有机硅树脂因优异的耐候性和防覆冰性也受到了越来越多的关注,环氧树脂则可以为叶片底漆提供优异的防腐性能和层间附着力.与使用单一树脂相比,针对不同树脂各自的特点,对它们进行合理搭配,制得的配套涂层体系往往可以达到更好的防护效果,这仍然会是今后的主要研究思路.最后指出了目前风电叶片涂料市场的国内外差距,并展望了风电叶片防护涂料未来的发展方向.

Research Progress in Resins for Wind Turbine Blades Coatings

The blades are the key parts of the wind turbine equipment, the well-working of which could not only improve the efficiency of power generation, but also reduce maintenance costs. The blades are always brittle after working for a long time with exposure to the natural environment, especially the leading edge, which is vulnerable to sand and rain erosion. The simplest but most effective method at present is to spray protective coatings on the blades surface. According to the characteristics of the working environment, major features of blades protective coatings were put forward. Several matrix resins applied to the coatings were introduced, including polyurethane, acrylic acid, fluorocarbon, organic silicon and epoxy resins. Research and current applications of the resins in the field of wind turbine protective coatings were described in detail. Polyurethane and acrylic acid resins are most applied with excellent flexibility, abrasion resistance and anti-erosion of sand and rain while fluororesin and organic silicon resins have received more attention owing to the outstanding weatherability and anti-icing properties. Epoxy resins could provide excellent anti-corrosion properties and adhesion between the layers when applied to the primer. Matched coatings systems prepared from modification among these resins have a more excellent effect on protecting the blades on account of different characteristics of different resins, when compared to single resins, which would still be a main research area in future. Finally, the difference in the wind turbine blade coating markets in China and other countries was pointed out, and the development directions of wind turbine blades protective coatings were prospected.