基于GIS和TOPSIS-PSR的湖南省洪涝灾害后恢复力评价

针对当前洪灾恢复力评估对洪灾与承灾体、自然环境之间关系阐释不明的问题,以湖南省洪灾后恢复力为研究对象,提出应用压力-状态-响应(PSR)概念构建洪灾评价指标体系,在此基础上建立了TOPSIS诊断模型,并基于GIS平台予以可视化。结果表明,PSR概念以因果关系描述洪灾恢复力的多元结构与功能差异,对指导灾害管理具有积极意义;就压力而言,湘西北、湘南致灾压力较小,湘中致灾压力略大;状态指数分布与全省经济社会发展水平一致,长株潭地区较高;响应分析显示,湘北地区防洪治理效果显著。全省洪灾恢复力呈条带分布,湘北-湘东洪灾恢复力较好,湘中、湘西南和岳阳洪灾恢复能力偏差。该量化模型还具有易于维数扩充、可操作的特点,应用前景良好。

Flood Resilience Assessment in Hunan Province Based on GIS and TOPSIS-PSR

At present, the framework of flood resilience assessment was not good to explain the relationship between flood disaster and natural environment. In this paper, the resilience of flood disaster in Hunan Province was taken as the research object, and the evaluation index system was put forward according to the concept of pressure-state-response (PSR) concept. Then the TOPSIS diagnosis model was established to assess the flood resilience, and the conclusions were visualized on the GIS platform. The results show that the PSR concept described the diversity structure and function difference of the flood resilience in the causal relationship, which was of great significance to the guidance of flood disaster management. In the case of pressure, the pressure of disaster in southern and northwestern Hunan was relatively small, and the center of Hunan was slightly greater; for the state index, its distribution characteristics were consistent with the level of economic and social development in the province, and the Chang-Zhu-Tan areas were higher. The response analysis shows that the effect of flood control in North Hunan was obvious. The flood disaster resilience was strip distribution, it was better in northern and eastern of Hunan, and was poor in center and southwest of Hunan and Yueyang City. In addition, the quantization model is of easy dimension expansion and operability, and has good application prospect.