浮球局部覆盖法对干旱区平原水库防蒸发效果的影响

新疆地处干旱半干旱地区,降雨稀少且分布不均,以平原水库为例,淡水资源蒸发损失严重,水资源利用率低。为减少水资源蒸发损失,试验采用浮球覆盖水库局部水面,探究其抑制水面蒸发的可行性。试验选用4种不同密度的浮球,按紧密排列和自由漂浮两种方式布置,观察并记录试验期内的风速情况和湿润面积,计算不同密度和排列方式下浮球的抑制水面蒸发率。试验结果表明,浮球的防蒸发效果与浮球密度和浮球的布置形式有关,当浮球密度为0.111g/cm^3且浮球之间存在挤压接触时,防蒸发效果最好,蒸发抑制率为73%。研究成果对减少干旱平原水库的淡水资源蒸发损失及提高水资源利用率有积极意义。

Effect of Anti-evaporation Efficiency with Floating Ball Partially Covered Plain Reservoirs in Arid Area

Xinjiang is located in the arid and semi-arid regions, and the rainfall amount is low and the distribution is uneven. Taking plain reservoir as an example, the evaporation loss is serious, and the utilization rate of water resources is low. The test used floating ball to cover partial water surface of reservoir was applied to explore its feasibility of inhibition of evaporation from water surface so as to reduce the evaporation loss of water resources. The test selected four kinds of different density floating balls, observed and recorded the wind speed and humidity area during the test period, and calculated the inhibition rate of evaporation from water surface of different density floating ball. The results of test show that the anti-evaporation effect of the floating ball is related to the density and layout form of the floating ball. When the density of the floating ball is 0.111 g/cm3 and the extrusion contact exists between them, the prevent evaporation effect is best and the evaporation inhibition rate is 73%. The research plays positive role in reducing evaporation loss and improving utilization ratio of water resources in arid plain reservoir.