Formation of planar waveguide in BiB3O6 crystal by MeV carbon implantation

Non-leaky planar waveguide structure has been fabricated in x-cut BiB₃O₆ crystal by 6 MeV C³⁺ ion implantation at a dose of 1 × 10¹⁴ ions/cm². The effective refractive indices of the waveguide are measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. We perform a computer code based on the finite difference method to reconstruct the refractive index profiles of n_x and n_y of this waveguide. The beam propagation method is used to calculate the electric and magnetic field profiles in the waveguide region from the reconstructed refractive index profiles. Our simulated data show that the refractive index increased waveguide layer can confine the mode completely.