利用微卫星标记分析酿酒酵母的遗传多样性

为研究本土酿酒酵母的种内多态性，以及本土野生酵母与商业酵母之间的差异性，本实验采用4个微卫星标记（ScAAT1、YOR267C、C11、YPL009C）分析18株商业酵母和28株陕西泾阳分离的野生酿酒酵母的遗传多样性，利用PopGen32进行遗传参数的分析。结果表明：4个位点共检测出66个等位基因，每个位点等位基因数为16～18个；平均多态信息含量0.862 3，均为高多态位点；46株菌表现出39种基因型，分辨率为98.94%；观测杂合度0.478 3～0.658 5。野生酵母和商业酵母均具有丰富的遗传多样性，两个群体各具有自己独特的等位基因，且两者在聚类图中有较清晰的界线。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains by Microsatellite Marker Technique

In order to analyze the genetic diversity of indigenous wine yeasts and the differences between indigenous isolates
and commercial wine yeast strains, genetic variability of 28 isolates from Jingyang, Shaanxi Province and 18 commercial
strains was analyzed using four microsatellite markers (ScAAT1, YOR267C, C11 and YPL009C). Meanwhile, genetic
parameters were also analyzed by PopGen32. Forty-six strains were amplified by four microsatellite prime pairs, and
generated a total of 66 polymorphic bands with 16–18 alleles for each locus. The average polymorphism information content
(PIC) of all strains at four loci was 0.862 3, suggesting that all the four SSR loci were hypervariable. Forty-six strains gave
39 different patterns with a discriminatory power of 98.94%. The heterozygosity was observed as 0.478 3–0.658 5. These
results indicate that indigenous wine yeasts and commercial yeasts have high levels of genetic diversity, and both have
unique alleles. Both kinds of strains have clear clustering boundary in the phylogentic tree.