电化学剥离黑磷制备纳米黑磷研究进展

纳米黑磷具有可调节直接带隙、高载流子迁移率等优点,在储能、催化等领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,纳米黑磷应用的前提在于其高效制备。在制备纳米黑磷的诸多方法中,电化学剥离法通常在温和的反应条件下进行,操作简单、高效、可控性较强,是目前最有可能实现纳米黑磷低成本、规模化的可控制备方法。根据电化学剥离过程中原料黑磷的位置,电化学剥离可分为阳极剥离、阴极剥离和电解液剥离。为系统了解电化学剥离制备纳米黑磷的研究现状与发展前景,综述了3种不同电化学剥离方式制备纳米黑磷的研究进展,同时分析了3种剥离方式的优缺点及对应的剥离机制。最后对未来电化学剥离黑磷进行了展望,并提出阴极剥离由于制备的纳米黑磷种类丰富且氧缺陷少,是一种相对较优的实现纳米黑磷高效制备的电化学剥离方式。

Research progress on the preparation of nano-black phosphorus by electrochemical exfoliation from black phosphorus

Nano-black phosphorus has excellent performance such as layer-dependent direct band gap,high carrier mobility,etc.,so it has broad application prospects in energy storage,catalysis.However,the premise of nano-black phosphorus applica-tion lies in its efficient preparation.In many methods of preparing nano-black phosphorus,the electrochemical exfoliation is usually carried out under mild reaction conditions,with simple operation,high efficiency and strong controllability.It is the most likely method for achieving low-cost and large-scale controllable preparation of nano-black phosphorus at present.Accord-ing to the position of raw material black phosphorus in the exfoliation process,the electrochemical exfoliation can be divided into anode exfoliation,cathode exfoliation and electrolyte exfoliation.In order to systematically understand the research status and development prospect of the preparation of nano-black phosphorus by electrochemical exfoliation,the research progress of three different electrochemical exfoliation ways to prepare nano-black phosphorus were reviewed,the advantages and dis-advantages of the three ways and the corresponding mechanism were analyzed.Finally,the future of electrochemical exfolia-tion of black phosphorus was prospected.It was suggested that cathode exfoliation would be a relatively optimal electrochemi-cal exfoliation way for the efficient preparation of nano-black phosphorus due to its rich species and small oxygen defect.