冷链物流中海水鱼的腐败机制及保鲜技术研究进展

海水鱼营养成分丰富、水分含量高，在冷链物流中容易发生腐败变质。因此，通过了解冷链物流中海水鱼的腐败机制并有针对性地开展海水鱼产品保鲜，进而提升冷链物流中海水鱼产品品质。作者论述了海水鱼冷链物流中的自溶性腐败、氧化腐败和微生物腐败机制，并重点阐述了控制微生物腐败的保鲜技术研究进展。通过臭氧水、电解水、低温等离子体、辐照杀菌、高静压杀菌技术、光动力杀菌技术等减菌技术，可有效减少海水鱼表面微生物；采用温度控制、气调包装、活性包装等可有效控制冷链物流中海水鱼的微生物增长、蛋白质和脂质氧化，从而控制海水鱼的腐败变质，维持海水鱼的鲜度品质。这些研究发现可为进一步开发应用于冷链物流中海水鱼的保鲜技术提供借鉴和参考。

Research Progress on Spoilage Mechanism and Preservation Technology of Marine Fish in Cold Chain Logistics

Marine fish are rich in nutrients and high in water content, and are prone to spoilage in the cold chain logistics. Therefore, understanding the spoilage mechanism of marine fish in cold chain logistics, and then carrying out targeted preservation of marine fish products, greatly improve the quality of marine fish products in cold chain. This review discusses the mechanisms of autolytic spoilage, oxidative spoilage and microbial spoilage in the cold chain logistics of marine fish, and focuses on the research progress of the preservation technology for controlling microbial spoilage. The surface microbial of marine fish can be effectively reduced by the ozone water, electrolyzed water, low temperature plasma, irradiation sterilization, high hydrostatic pressure, photodynamic sterilization technology and other bacteria-reducing technologies. Then the low temperature control, modified atmosphere packaging and active packaging technologies are used to control the microbial growth, protein and lipid oxidation of marine fish in the cold chain logistics, which could maintain the freshness quality of marine fish. These findings can provide a reference for the further development of preservation technology applied to the marine fish in the cold chain logistics.