二维黑磷的制备、表面功能化与光电催化

黑磷作为一种新型的单元素直接带隙半导体,因其独特的二维结构展现出诸多优异特性,在光电、生物、传感、信息等领域具有很大的应用潜力。近年来,针对黑磷的制备和应用,发展出许多新方法和新技术,例如：通过液相超声/剪切、高能球磨、电化学剥离和等离子体辅助剥离等技术实现了二维黑磷的高效制备;发展了系列物理、化学方法对二维黑磷进行表面修饰,抑制其与水、氧接触,提高了二维黑磷的稳定性并提升了光电等物理性能;借助构建异质结构、掺杂等方式改变黑磷表面电子态密度、增加活性位点,提高了二维黑磷材料的催化活性。从二维黑磷的制备、表面功能化与光电催化三方面出发,综述目前的研究现状和未来可能的发展方向。

Preparation,surface functionalization and photoelectrocatalysis of two-dimensional black phosphorus

As a new type of single element direct-bandgap semiconductor,black phosphorus shows many excellent character-istics due to its unique two-dimensional structure,which has great potential in the fields of photoelectronics,biology,sensing,information and so on.In recent years,many new methods and technologies have been developed for the preparation and application of black phosphorus,such as liquid-phase ultrasonic/shear,high-energy ball milling,electrochemical stripping and plasma assisted stripping to achieve efficient prepa-ration of two-dimensional black phosphorus.A series of physical and chemical methods have been developed to modify the surface of two-dimensional black phosphorus to inhibit its contact with water and oxygen and improve the stability and physical properties（such as photoelectronics） of two-dimensional black pho-sphorus.With the help of heterostructure construction,doping and other ways to change the surface electronic density of states and increase the active sites of black phosphorus,the catalytic activity of two-dimensional black phosphorus materials has been improved.Basing on preparation,surface functionalization and photocatalysis of two-dimensional black phosphorus,the current research status and possible future development direction were summarized.