以自然为取向的旅游设施作为促进生物多样性保护的策略手段 以欧洲西南部萨尔加多湿地为例

人类的福祉有赖于自然生态系统所提供的大量的生态系统服务。为此欧盟已经建立了一个名为＂自然2000＂的大型生态保护区网络;然而,在经历了一段时期的城市扩张和土地使用的集约化后,欧洲的生物多样性已经迅速减少,大多数物种和栖息地的利益仍未处于一个良好的保护状态。在过去的几十年里,可持续旅游概念的提出和以自然为取向的自然型旅游业的出现,作为一项重要的生态系统服务,为保护自然环境和发展当地经济提供了大量的支持。并且这些支持的大部分已经集中投入在了保护区域,但是要看到,在这里我们是假设以自然为取向的旅游业对于尚未被正式保护的荒野环境而言,是一项具有高潜力的保护策略和可持续发展的基础。尤其是在具有多种且相互竞争用途的景观中,它能在自然修复、生物多样性保护和人类活动之间取得一种保证。为了验证这一假设,以位于阿尔加维地区（欧洲西南部）一处与沼泽地带相连的湿地作为研究案例。该案例研究涉及一处重要的但还未处于任何正式保护状态的滨海野生环境,并且20世纪末,在此环境中,几项限制条件促进了创造性的管理模式。描述了在21世纪初,设计并执行一项以自然为取向的旅游设施的过程。这一研究成果以景观生态学的概念框架以及一处涉及修复和保护的环境为支撑。同时文章还探讨了这种基于自然的旅游设施在促进可持续管理和自然保护策略方面的潜在意义。

Nature-based Facility as Strategic Tool for Promoting Biodiversity Conservation The Case Study of Salgados Wetland in South-western Europe

Humankind’s well-being depends upon on a multitude of ecosystem services provided by natural ecosystems.The European Union has developed a vast network of protected areas,known as the "Natura 2000" ecological network;however,biodiversity in Europe has been declining rapidly during periods of urban expansion and intensification of land uses.Most species and habitats of interest are still not under a favorable conservation status.Over the last few decades the concept of sustainable tourism emerged and nature-based tourism appears as an important ecosystem service,capable of generating substantial resources for both conservation and local economic development.Much of it has been focused on protected areas,but here it is hypothesized that nature-based tourism has high potential as a conservation strategy and a basis for sustainable development at wilderness settings not formally protected,especially in landscapes with multiple,competing uses,as a commitment between nature rehabilitation and biodiversity conservation and human activities.To illustrate,a case study of a wetland associated with a humid zone fen in the Algarve region(south-western Europe) is presented.The case study involves an important littoral wildlife environment not covered by any formal protection status and where several constraints encouraged creative management at the end of the 20th century.The process of designing and implementing a nature-based tourism facility in the early 21th century is described.This effort is supported by a landscape ecology conceptual framework,as well as a setting related to rehabilitation and protection.The potential consequences of promoting sustainable management and conservation politics of this nature-based facility are discussed.