From Brain to Heart: Possible Role of Amyloid-β in Ischemic Heart Disease and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury |
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Authors: | Giulia Gagno Federico Ferro Alessandra Lucia Fluca Milijana Janjusevic Maddalena Rossi Gianfranco Sinagra Antonio Paolo Beltrami Rita Moretti Aneta Aleksova |
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Affiliation: | 1.Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy; (G.G.); (F.F.); (A.L.F.); (M.J.); (M.R.); (G.S.);2.Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;3.Department of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Neurological Clinic, 34100 Trieste, Italy; |
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Abstract: | Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is among the leading causes of death in developed countries. Its pathological origin is traced back to coronary atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven immuno-inflammatory disease of the arteries that leads to multifocal plaque development. The primary clinical manifestation of IHD is acute myocardial infarction (AMI),) whose prognosis is ameliorated with optimal timing of revascularization. Paradoxically, myocardium re-perfusion can be detrimental because of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), an oxidative-driven process that damages other organs. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a physiological role in the central nervous system (CNS). Alterations in its synthesis, concentration and clearance have been connected to several pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Aβ has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of IHD and cerebral IRI. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about the pathological role of Aβ in the CNS; starting from this evidence, we will illustrate the role played by Aβ in the development of coronary atherosclerosis and its possible implications in the pathophysiology of IHD and myocardial IRI. Better elucidation of Aβ’s contribution to the molecular pathways underlying IHD and IRI could be of great help in developing new therapeutic strategies. |
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Keywords: | amyloid beta, Aβ 1-40, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’ s disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, ischemia-reperfusion injury, BACE1, cardiovascular mortality |
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