几种汽车替代燃料的技术经济比较

随着世界经济的发展和人们物质生活水平的不断提高，世界各国对能源的需求量不断增加。能源问题成为世界各国最关心的问题之一，寻找新的替代能源势在必行，分析了目前世界对一次能源，特别是石油的需求增长情况，指出了能源使用中存在的一些问题，并针对汽车燃料的使用情况，从物理化学性质，能量特点，排放特点及经济性几个方面比较了几种汽车替代能源，通过比较发现在几种替代燃料中，氢能的综合经济效益最高，但目前在生长、储运及加载的成本等方面还存在一些问题，尚不能大规模投入使用。在这样的情况下，甲醇是比较合适的汽车替代燃料。

Cost-effectiveness analysis of some new substitutive fuels for automobiles

With the development of the world economy and the improvement of living standards, energy consumption has been increasing rapidly. People are confronted with problems of limited proven fossil-fuel deposits and environmental pollution brought about by emissions from exhaust gases of burning fossil fuels. In this work, the worldwide growth of the needs for the fossil fuels, especially for petroleum, was described, and some problems existing in the energy utilization were analyzed. Some substitutive fuels for automobiles were compared in the aspects of physical and chemical properties, energy density, emissions in exhaust gases, and economy. From a cost-effectiveness analysis it is concluded that the use of hydrogen as a substitutive fuel will bring about the best comprehensive economic results. However, there exist some problems with the production, storage and transportation of hydrogen, so that it has so far not been used on a large scale. Methanol is thus considered as a relatively appropriate substitutive fuel for automobiles.