“十四五”期间我国天然气价格改革的重点方向及企业对策

中国天然气行业在“十四五”期间将面临新的形势与国家新的要求，既给天然气价格改革提供了新的机遇，又给产业链各环节的参与者带来了新的挑战。为了准确把握发展方向、不断深入推进天然气价格市场化改革，系统梳理了当前天然气价格改革中存在的主要问题：门站价格管制阻碍市场化改革进程、市场现状不满足价格放开条件、交易中心价格发现能力严重不足，进而基于今后一段时期天然气价格改革面临的新形势和新要求，提出了“十四五”期间我国天然气价格改革的重点内容以及产业链上中下游企业的对策。结论认为，由于上游供应高度集中、基础设施建设滞后、市场化的基准价格缺失等条件的制约，“十四五”期间仍然是我国天然气价格市场化的过渡阶段，改革的重点应该聚焦在以下方面：①根据市场竞争条件分批取消门站价格管制；②合理确定管道、地下储气库、LNG接收站等天然气基础设施的收费价格，执行两部制定价；③利用价格设计和政策刺激，加快天然气基础设施建设；④引导企业通过签订长期合约实现价格市场化；⑤建设天然气交易枢纽，形成具有代表性的基准价格；⑥产业链上中下游企业要深刻理解国家对行业发展的新要求，顺应天然气价格改革的大方向，提升市场化经营能力，在降本增效、服务创新等方面下功夫，积极应对变化、推进改革。

Key areas and enterprise countermeasures of the natural gas price reform during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

Natural gas industry in China is now facing new situation and new requirements during the period of 14th Five-Year Plan, which not only provides new opportunities for natural gas pricing reform, but brings about new challenges for all the participators involved in each link of the industrial chain. In order to accurately grasp the development direction and continuously push forward the market-oriented reform of natural gas price, we analyzed the major existing problems such as the hindrance of gate station price control, the imperfect current market situation, and the seriously insufficient price discovery ability of trading center, and so on. Then, we put forward some key contents of China's natural gas price reform and the countermeasures of the upstream, middle and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain. Restricted by high concentration of upstream supply, undeveloped infrastructure, and the lack of market-oriented benchmark price, the 14th Five-Year Plan period will be still the transitional stage of China's natural gas price marketization so that the reform should focus on the following aspects. (1) To cancel gate price control in batches according to market competition conditions; (2) To reasonably determine the charging price of natural gas infrastructure such as pipeline, underground gas storage, LNG terminal, and implement two-part pricing; (3) To use price design and policy stimulus to accelerate the construction of natural gas infrastructure; (4) To guide enterprises to realize price marketization by signing long-term contracts; (5) To cultivate multiple natural gas trading hubs and find representative benchmark prices from them; (6) Enterprises in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain should deeply understand the new requirements of the state for the development of the industry, comply with the general direction of natural gas price reform and improve market-oriented operation ability, make efforts to reduce costs, increase efficiency and service innovation, and actively respond to changes and promote reform.