适应清洁能源发展和现货市场运行的容量市场机制设计

随着中国电力体制改革的不断深化与现货市场建设的全面铺开,部分省区已暴露出电力容量充裕性不足、发电资源产生大量搁浅成本等问题,亟须完善容量市场机制,健全电力市场体系,以促进机组投资和保障发电容量充裕性.文中提出了一种适应清洁能源发展且与现货市场运行相适应的容量市场机制.一方面,将现货电能量交易要素纳入考虑,调动了容量资源在固定成本和运行成本两方面的竞争力,强化了容量投建与系统运行的联系,有利于形成更加切实可行的容量投建方案;另一方面,切合"碳达峰、碳中和"目标,内嵌能源结构约束以兼容产业结构调整从而获得满足能源清洁低碳转型要求和经济性最优的容量组合.最后,通过构建双层优化模型实现计及现货市场运行的容量竞价集中出清,采用改进的IEEE 24节点等系统的算例模拟计算表明,所提机制能够在激励市场主体主动参与、适应未来清洁能源成本替代效应的同时,实现市场整体经济效率的有效改进.

Design of Capacity Market Mechanism Adapting to Clean Energy Development and Spot Market Operation

With the comprehensive deepening of China''s power system reform and the roll-out of the spot market construction, insufficiency of power capacity, massive stranding cost of power resources or other problems have been exposed in several regions. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity market mechanism and the electricity market system to promote unit investment and ensure the sufficiency of power generation capacity. This paper proposes a capacity market mechanism adapting to the clean energy development and spot market operation. On the one hand, the proposed mechanism takes the elements of spot electric energy trading into account, which mobilizes the competitiveness of capacity resources in terms of constant costs and operation costs, strengthens the connection between capacity investment/construction and system operation. This is conducive to the formation of a more practical capacity investment and construction plan. On the other hand, to meet the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutral", the embedded energy structure constraints are considered to be compatible with industrial structure adjustments so as to obtain the most economical capacity combination that meets the requirements of low-carbon transition for the clean energy. Finally, a bi-level optimal model is established to realize the centralized clearing of capacity bidding considering the spot market operation. The simulation calculations of the modified IEEE 24-bus and other systems show that the proposed mechanism can not only encourage market players'' active participation and adaptation to the replacement effect of clean energy costs in the future, but also realize the effective improvement of the overall economic efficiency of the market.