风电参与电力系统调频控制策略综述

随着可再生能源的大规模开发,以风能为代表的可再生能源大量并入电网,且渗透率不断提高.一方面,由于惯性时间常数较小的风电机组替代了传统发电机组,系统的总体惯量减少;另一方面,由于风能本身所具有的间歇性、随机性,系统的频率特性发生改变,调频能力随之减弱.风电参与调频是解决风电上网约束的有效手段之一.为此,对风电参与调频领域的研究进行综述,首先以双馈风电机组和永磁直驱风电机组这2类最常用的变速风电机组调频控制策略为例,综述风电机组转子超速控制、桨距角控制、虚拟惯量综合控制、虚拟同步发电机控制,储能与风电调频以及多控制策略联合的原理、优缺点和发展趋势等;然后针对风电场参与系统调频的若干问题进行分析;最后对本领域未来可研究的问题进行展望.

Overview of wind power participating in frequency regulation control strategy for power system

With the large-scale development of renewable energy, the wind power has been integrated into the power grid in large quantities and its penetration rate has been increasing. On the one hand, the overall inertia of system is reduced because traditional power generators are replaced by wind turbines that have a smaller inertia time constant. On the other hand, the intermittency and randomness of wind power production affects the system frequency characteristics and further reduces the system frequency regulation ability. The participation of wind power units in frequency regulation is one of the effective means to accommodate the penetration of wind power. Hence, the participation of wind power in the field of frequency regulation is reviewed. Firstly, the frequency regulation control strategies of the two most commonly used wind power unit, i. e.,variable-speed wind turbines of doubly-fed induction generator and permanent magnetic synchronous generator, are taken as an example, the principles, advantages and disadvantages, development tendency of the rotor overspeed control, pitch angle control, combined virtual inertia control, virtual synchronous generator control, energy storage and wind power frequency regulation, and the combination of multiple control strategies are reviewed. Subsequently, some key problems of wind farm participating in system frequency regulation are analyzed. Finally, the future research directions in this topic are summarized.