玄武岩纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)树脂为基体,加入玄武岩纤维(BF)和相关助剂,通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制得相应复合材料。考查相容剂对PP/BF复合材料性能影响、对PP/BF复合材料和PP/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料力学性能、微观形貌和耐热氧老化等性能进行对比。通过实验数据分析,加入相容剂后,拉伸强度提高126.8%,弯曲强度提高223.8%,弯曲弹性模量提高119.9%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高223.2%。在同样质量配比下,PP/BF复合材料较PP/GF复合材料拉伸强度提高9.8%,弯曲强度提高11.0%,弯曲弹性模量提高5.8%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度降低10.7%。从微观电镜分析,加入相容剂可明显改善纤维与PP基材界面浸润程度。另外,BF比GF更易使复合材料老化,常规热氧老化剂1010和168对纤维增强PP类材料耐老化效果并不好,用等量自制热氧老化剂可解决此问题。

Study on Properties of The Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

A polypropylene(PP)composite filled by basalt fiber(BF)and some additives was prepared by melt blending with twin-screw extruder.The effect of compatibilizers on the performance of BF/PP composite was examined;meanwhile,the microscopic structure,the mechanical property and the thermo-oxidative stability of BF/PP composite and PP/glass fiber(GF)composite were compared.As shown by the result of characterizations,after a compatibilizer was used in a BF/PP composite,the tensile strength,the flexural strength,the flexural modulus and the notched Izod impact strength were increased by 126.8%,223.8%,119.9%and 223.2%respectively.Therefore,we verified that using a compatibilizer in could improve the mechanical property of BF/PP composite.When the filling amount of BF and glass fiber was same for the PP composite,the tensile strength,the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of BF/PP composite is 9.8%,11.0%and 5.5%higher than those of GF/PP composite in turns.However,BF/PP composite has a 10.7%lower notched Izod impact strength than GF/PP composite.Scanning electron microscope was used to confirm that the interface between BF and PP was fully infiltrated with the assistance of the compatibilizer.Moreover,we confirmed that the BF/PP composite is more prone to aging than the GF/PP composite,and the conventional antioxidants,such as pentaerythrite tetraβ–(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate](antioxidant 1010)and tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl)phosphite(antioxidant 168)are not useful enough for improving the thermo-oxidative stability of the PP composite filled with inorganic fiber,which is a problem that could be solved by using a self-made antioxidant.