加拿大的可持续水管理改革及其对我国构建“资源水利”体系的借鉴意义

198 7年后 ,加拿大的水利工作进入了可持续水管理的新阶段 .其特点是 :以构筑支撑社会可持续发展的水系统为水管理目标 ,以确保当代人和下代人用水权的平等为水管理道德理念 ,以水不仅是可供人类消费的物质资源 ,而且是生态系统的重要组成部分为水管理准则 ;通过将原来分布于政府诸多机构的水管理权集中于一个或少数几个机构的方式重组水管理机构 ;水管理机构普遍把生态系统方法作为可持续水管理的一种基本方法 ,将水与生态环境、社会经济等联在一起 ,将水管理与土地、森林等环境资源的管理联在一起 .中国今天的水管理工作不仅要为当代人服务 ,也要为后代人服务 .为实现我国水资源的可持续利用 ,在构建“资源水利”体系过程中 ,应通过重组水管理机构适当集中水政管理权 ;要重视将水资源的管理与其它资源的管理联系在一起 ,在规划和配置水资源时 ,多考虑生态环境和社会经济因素

Reform for Sustainable Water Management in Canada and Its Reference Value to Establishment of Chinese System of "Resource-Type Water Conservancy"

Canadian water affairs have entered into a new period of sustainable water management since 1987.The new period is characterized by the water management goal of building a sustainable water system to support sustainable social development,and to ensure equal right of the present and future generations; and the water management principle is that water is not only a resource but also a component of ecosystem.To implement sustainable water management, Canada has restructured the administration of water resources through centralizing all water agencies into one organization or a few organizations.China should centralize water management rights by rearrangement of institutions for water management as Canada did in establishing the system of “Resource Type Water Conservancy”. The ecosystem approach has been widely viewed as a means to achieve sustainable development and management of water resources in Canada. Today's Canadian water management is based on the sustainability ethic of ecological integrity to ensure a healthy environment. To achieve the goal of sustainable water utilization, China needs to pay more attention to linking water resources management and the management of other resources and to give more concern for socioeconomic and ecological issues in water planning and water allocation.