食品危害物重组抗体的亲和力提升策略研究进展

重组抗体作为新一代基因工程抗体，以其结构简单、易表达和修饰改造等特点被广泛应用于食品危害物的免疫快速检测。然而，重组抗体制备技术的非定向性和非精准性导致抗体的亲和力不高，严重影响并限制了重组抗体的应用，因此，当前研究亟需提升重组抗体亲和力。本文概述食品危害物重组抗体的制备技术，分别从重组抗体突变进化、突变库筛选、常规多价抗体制备、抗体融合蛋白的自组装等方面阐述重组抗体的亲和力提升策略，并探讨该领域目前的技术瓶颈和发展方向。

Research Progress in Affinity Enhancement Strategies for Recombinant Antibodies against Food Hazards

As a new generation of genetically engineered antibodies, recombinant antibodies are widely used in immunodetection of food hazards due to their simple structure as well as easy expression and modification. However, due to the non-directionality and imprecision of recombinant antibody preparation technology, the affinity of recombinant antibodies is low, which affects their practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to improve the affinity of recombinant antibodies. This article summarizes the preparation technologies for recombinant antibodies against food hazards, describes the affinity enhancement strategies for recombinant antibodies such as mutation and evolution of recombinant antibodies, screening of mutation library, preparation of conventional multivalent antibodies, and self-assembly of antibody fusion proteins, and finally discusses the technical bottlenecks and future development directions in this field.