采后茶青叶对振动力胁迫的生理响应

摇青是乌龙茶品质形成的关键工序之一，其通过机械胁迫引起各种生物学效应，影响植物体内一系列生理生化变化，被广泛应用于花香红茶、花香白茶、花香绿茶等茶类的加工中以改善品质。为探明青叶响应机械力胁迫的生理变化，以采摘的‘铁观音’品种中开面三、四叶嫩梢为材料，经适度萎凋后进行自然摊放和振动力胁迫处理，研究青叶水分含量、光系统Ⅱ(photosystem Ⅱ,PS Ⅱ)参数、抗氧化酶活力及亚细胞结构的变化规律。结果表明：振动力胁迫30 min内青叶水分含量与自然摊放叶、萎凋叶间无显著差异（P>0.05）,60 min时显著低于自然摊放叶和萎凋叶（P<0.05）。随着振动力胁迫时间延长，青叶青臭气增强，清香减弱；叶绿体和类囊体紧密而清晰的片层结构逐渐松散、变形、收缩、紊乱、瓦解，振动力胁迫处理5 min时淀粉粒数量明显增加，15 min时嗜锇颗粒数量明显增多，出现聚集。振动力胁迫青叶的PS Ⅱ实际光合效率Y(Ⅱ)和光化学猝灭系数qP随处理时间延长总体呈下降趋势，电子传递速率（electron transfer rate,ETR）随处理时间延长呈先降低后升高趋势，5 min和10 min时...

Physiological Response of Postharvest Tea Leaves under Vibration Stress

Shaking is one of the key processes contributing to the quality formation of oolong tea. As an abiotic stress factor, mechanical stress leads to a series of physiological and biochemical changes in plants through various biological effects, which has been widely used in the processing of scented black tea, scented white tea, scented green tea and other tea types to improve their quality. In order to ascertain the physiological changes of green tea leaves in response to mechanical stress, postharvest fresh shoots with 3–4 leaves?from the tea cultivar ‘Tieguanyin’ were evaluated for changes in water content, photosystem II (PS II) parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities and subcellular structure under natural spreading or continuous vibration stress treatment after withering. Compared with naturally spread leaves and withered leaves, the water content in the leaves subjected to vibration stress was not significantly different within the first 30 min of vibration (P > 0.05) but was significantly lower at 60 min (P < 0.05). The green-grassy odor became stronger with increasing vibration time, the refreshing aroma became weaker, and the clear compact lamellar structures of the chloroplast and the thylakoid were gradually loosened, deformed, shrunk, and disrupted. The number of starch granules increased significantly at 5 min, and the number of osmiophilic granules increased significantly at 15 min, resulting in the formation of aggregates. The actual photosynthetic efficiency Y (II) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) of PS II generally showed a decreasing trend with increasing vibration time, and the electron transfer rate (ETR) declined initially and then rose. The Y (II) and ETR at 5 and 10 min of vibration were significantly lower than those observed in naturally spread leaves (P < 0.05). The quantum yield Y (NO) of non-regulated energy dissipation increased with the prolongation of vibration stress treatment time, and was significantly higher than that of naturally spread leaves at 30 min (P < 0.05). The relative conductivity of tea leaves under vibration stress for 10 min was significantly higher than that of naturally spread leaves (P < 0.05). The activities of ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase in tea leaves under vibration stress for 5 and 10 min were higher than those in naturally spread leaves. Vibration treatment (for up to 30 min) did not show significant variations in water content, but enhanced the green-grassy odor. Continuous vibration treatment caused cell injuries by increasing the cell membrane permeability, thereby facilitating the release of intracellular contents and increasing cell conductivity. At the subcellular level, vibration treatment promoted thylakoid degradation and severely damaged chloroplasts, thus destroying PS II stability. Meanwhile, it protected tea leaf cells against mechanical stress-induced damage by elevating the activities of defense enzymes. Taken together, this study lays a foundation for the regulating of shaking during the processing of oolong tea.