产漆酶食用菌的筛选及食用菌漆酶降解黄曲霉毒素B1的研究进展

每年有大量的谷物被黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B₁,AFB₁)污染，对人类和牲畜健康造成极大的危害。生物法降解AFB₁具有底物特异性强、反应条件温和等优点，受到社会的广泛认可。在降解谷物中AFB₁时，宜采用食用安全的微生物，以避免引入新的污染物，因此，产漆酶的食用菌是一种较好的选择。基于此，本文从美国国家生物技术信息中心数据库和Uniprot数据库(Unified Protein Database)中筛选出具有漆酶基因序列或氨基酸序列的食用菌，对已报道的能够产漆酶的食用菌进行总结，并概述产漆酶食用菌的实验筛选方法，探讨食用菌漆酶的结构和理化性质，综述食用菌漆酶的作用和食用菌漆酶降解AFB₁的研究进展，以期为食用菌漆酶安全、高效、绿色降解AFB₁提供理论支持。

Advances in Screening of Edible Fungi Capable of Secreting Laccase and Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 by Laccase from Edible Fungi

A large number of grains are contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) every year, which causes great harm to the health of humans and livestock. The biodegradation of AFB1, which has the advantages of strong substrate specificity and mild reaction conditions, has attracted considerable attention. Microorganisms safe for consumption should be used to degrade AFB1 in grains in order to avoid introducing new contaminants. Therefore, edible fungi that can secrete laccase are a good choice to degrade AFB1. Based on the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and the Uniprot (Unified Protein Database) databases, edible fungi with laccase gene or amino acid sequences are selected, and the reported edible fungi capable of secreting laccase are summarized in this article. Then, the methods used to screen for edible fungi that can secrete laccase are reviewed. In addition, the structure and physicochemical properties of laccase from edible fungi are outlined, and recent progress in understanding the role of laccase in the growth of edible fungi and applying laccase from edible fungi for the degradation of AFB1. It is expected that this review can provide theoretical support for the safe, efficient, and green degradation of AFB1 by laccase from edible fungi.