扩增型和非扩增型CRISPR/Cas系统在食源性致病菌快速检测领域应用的研究进展

食源性致病菌引起的食品安全事件频发已对公众健康和社会经济造成巨大的影响，构建针对其快速、高效的检测方法是保障食品安全的重要手段。成簇的间隔短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR）及其相关蛋白（CRISPR-associated protein,Cas）组成的CRISPR/Cas是广泛存在于细菌和古细菌中的一种免疫系统，可以有效地识别并切割外源核酸。因此，可以利用CRISPR/Cas系统这一对外源核酸的识别及切割活性实现对食源性致病菌的快速高效检测。本文详细介绍基于核酸扩增和免核酸扩增的两种CRISPR/Cas系统，综述其在对各种食源性致病菌检测中的应用，讨论它们的优势、局限性以及未来的发展趋势，旨在为建立更高效的食源性致病菌检测方法提供技术参考，以期更有效地减少食源性致病菌造成的食品安全问题。

Research Progress on the Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pathogens by Amplified and Non-amplified CRISPR/Cas Systems

The frequent outbreak of food safety incidents caused by foodborne pathogens have a huge impact on public health and social economy. Developing rapid and efficient detection methods is an effective means of ensuring food safety. CRISPR/Cas, composed of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas), is an immune system widely present in bacteria and archaea, which can effectively recognize and cut exogenous nucleic acids. Therefore, the rapid and efficient detection of pathogenic bacteria can be achieved by using the CRISPR/Cas system. This review introduces CRISPR/Cas systems with and without nucleic acid amplification, summarizes their application for detection of various foodborne pathogens, and discusses their advantages, limitations and future trends. This review will provide a reference for the establishment of more efficient detection methods to effectively reduce food safety problems caused by foodborne pathogens.