褪黑素调控果蔬采后保鲜研究进展

褪黑素是一种广泛存在于生物体中的吲哚胺类化合物，已经被证实广泛分布在高等植物的组织和器官中，具有调节植物种子萌发、生长发育、抗逆性以及成熟衰老等重要作用。最新研究表明褪黑素在延缓果蔬采后衰老和品质劣变中具有显著的调控作用。本文首先简述植物中褪黑素合成途径、部分果蔬中褪黑素的含量及其影响因素，重点综述褪黑素对果蔬采后生理（呼吸作用、乙烯生成、抗氧化酶活力）和品质（色泽、生物活性物质、抗氧化活性）的调控作用，并对其可能的调控机制进行详细解析，最后归纳褪黑素在果蔬采后保鲜研究中存在的问题和将来的研究重点，为今后褪黑素在果蔬采后保鲜中的研究和应用提供参考。

Research Progress on the Regulatory Effect of Melatonin on Postharvest Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables

Melatonin (MT) is an indoleamine widely existing in organisms, especially in tissues and organs of higher plants, which plays an important role in regulating seed germination, growth and development, stress resistance, and maturation and senescence of higher plants. Current studies demonstrate that MT significantly delays senescence and quality deterioration of postharvest fruits and vegetables. This review briefly introduces the MT synthesis pathway in plants and its level in selected fruits and vegetables along with the factors affecting it. The focus of this review is on the regulatory effect of MT on the postharvest physiology (respiration, ethylene formation, and antioxidant enzyme activity) and quality (color, bioactive substances, and antioxidant activity) of fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, this review elaborates the possible underlying mechanism, and it discusses problems existing in the research on MT in postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables and future research priorities in order to provide a reference for further research in this field.