中空玻璃微珠填充聚氨酯发泡材料的吸声性能与动态力学性能研究

以聚氨酯（PU）为基体、磷酸三甲酚酯（TCP）为增塑剂、中空玻璃微珠（HGB）和偶氮二甲酰胺（AC发泡剂）为填料，采用熔融共混法制备了软质PU/TCP、PU/TCP/HGB、PU/TCP/HGB/AC材料，研究了增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂的含量对PU材料的吸声性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明，在一定范围内，增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂的加入显著提升了复合材料的吸声性能，当TCP含量为25 %（质量分数，下同）、HGB含量为10 %、AC含量为2 %时，材料的吸声性能最佳，平均吸声系数达到0.29，且频率为1 714 Hz时吸声系数最大，为0.55；以半峰宽衡量材料的吸声频率宽度，发现在一定范围内增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂对半峰宽的长度分别有减少、增加的作用，为制备轻质宽频吸声材料提供了实验依据；对PU/TCP、PU/TCP/HGB材料的动态力学性能分析进一步验证了选用25 % TCP和10 % HGB配比对材料整体性能调控的合理性。

Study on sound absorption and dynamic mechanical properties of polyurethane foaming materials filled with hollow glass beads

A series of soft polyurethane （PU）/tricresyl phosphate （TCP）， PU/TCP/hollow glass beads （HGB）， PU/TCP/HGB/azodicarbonamide （AC） composites were prepared by melt blending method using TCP as a plasticizer， HGB as a filler， and AC as a foaming agent. The effects of the contents of TCP， HGB and AC foaming agent on the sound absorption and dynamic mechanical properties of PU composite materials were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of TCP， HGB， and AC foaming agent enhanced the sound absorption properties of the composites significantly. The composites obtained optimal performance at a TCP mass fraction of 25 wt%， a HGB mass fraction of 10 wt%， and an AC mass fraction of 2 wt%. Their average sound absorption coefficient and maximum sound absorption coefficient reached 0.29 and 0.55， respectively， at a frequency of 1 714 Hz. Based on the half⁃peak width of sound absorption frequency， the addition of TCP was found to reduce the length of half peak width of the composites with an increase in the amounts of HGB and AC foaming agent. Through analyzing the dynamic mechanical properties of PU/TCP， PU/TCP/HGB composites， the rationality of the addition of 25 wt% TCP and 10 wt% HGB in the composites was verified.