开采环境再造深孔诱导崩落模型试验研究

 以新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿为原型，运用地质力学模型试验，深入分析深孔诱导崩落开采过程中人工顶板和上、下盘围岩力学演化规律。试验在自行设计的BLES双向加载岩体开挖模拟试验台上，模拟开采环境再造深孔诱导崩落充填采矿法的8个开采步骤。试验结果表明：(1) 在开挖1#，2#凿岩硐室以及切割拉底时，上、下盘围岩应力和位移都呈缓慢增加的趋势，而人工顶板中部应力值逐渐减小，处于受拉状态。开挖V型堑沟、诱导崩落矿体时，上盘围岩和下盘围岩应力值随开挖步骤急剧增加。上、下盘围岩底部和人工顶板的左端应力值分别达到初始应力的2.2，2.14和2.53倍，应力集中现象明显。(2) 开挖完成后，人工顶板和上、下盘围岩最大沉降量分别为8.6，6.5和2.8 cm，满足矿山安全要求。上盘围岩的变形明显大于下盘围岩的变形，且有整体移动现象。(3) 构筑9 m厚的人工顶板，在整个试验过程中未出现破裂等破坏现象，实现采矿环境再造，同时确保试验采场的稳定性和安全性。

MODEL TEST STUDY OF DEEP-HOLE INDUCED CAVING IN MINING ENVIRONMENT REGENERATION

Based on the prototype of the Kalatongke Copper-nickel Mine in Chian's Xinjiang Autonomous Region,the geological mechanics modeling test is made to deeply analyze the artificial roof,upper and lower surrounding rock evolution rules of mechanical induced by deep-hole induced caving excavation. The model test in the simulation test system of rocks excavation under bidirectional loading is carried out. The process of mining environment regeneration with deep-hole induced caving and filling in 8 excavation steps is simulated. The test results show that:(1) when #1 and #2 drilling chamber and under drilling driftway are excavated,the stress and deformation of upper and lower surrounding rocks increase slowly,but the stress of middle part of artificial roof gradually decreases,it is in tension. When the V-shaped trench are excavated,the stresses of upper and lower surrounding rock increase quickly. The stress of upper surrounding rocks bottom,lower surrounding rocks bottom and left part of artificial roof reaches 2.2,2.14 and 2.53 times of the in-situ stress,respectively. Stress concentrates in these parts;(2) After the final excavation,the maximum subsidence of upper and lower surrounding rocks and artificial roof reaches 6.5,2.8 and 8.6 cm respectively,which can meet the requirements of mine safety. The upper surrounding rock has the phenomenon of whole deformation;(3) The 9 m thickness of artificial roof does not break during the whole model test,it achieves the mining environment regeneration,and ensures the safety and stability of the whole test stope.