TSP203在溶洞探测中的应用

与探测断层相比,应用TSP203探测溶洞有很大的难度。根据TSP203的工作原理和在喀斯特溶洞发育的隧道内的探测结果,认为溶洞的几何形态和产状是决定溶洞探测精度的首要因素。只有溶洞的边界有一定的横向延伸性,溶洞界面呈非常明显的单一平面特征,其法线方向与隧道轴线平行或以较小的角度相交(0°~45°),溶洞才能被准确探测。如果溶洞的边界相对于TSP测量布线有一定的横向延伸性,其边界面不一定是完全平滑的表面,但其法线方向与隧道轴线不完全垂直(大角度相交),这类溶洞有可能被部分探测,但探测精度还与溶洞界面两侧的波阻抗差、对地下水的探测、操作人员的数据采集经验和数据处理水平等有关。如果溶洞的几何形状为圆锥体或圆柱体,或者溶洞界面尽管为一平面,但其界面边界的横向延伸面与隧道轴线平行(法线方向垂直于隧道轴线),那么,这类溶洞基本难以被探测。

The Application of TSP203 in The Detection of Karst Caves

Compared with fault prediction,detection of the karst caves is more difficult using TSP203.According to theprinciple of TSP203 and results of tunnel detection in karst cave,we can draw the conclusion that the karst caves' geometry and attitude are the primary factors which decide the detection accuracy of karst caves.The karst caves could be accurately detected only when the boundary of the karst caves has a horizontal extension,as well as the interface of the karst caves is single plane and the normal direction is parallel or small angle intersection(00 ~ 450) with tunnel axis.It is most likely that only a part of the karst caves could be detected if the boundary of the karsts cave has a certain horizontal extension respectively to measurement layout,but the interface of the karsts caves is not completely smooth plane,and its normal direction is not perpendicular to the tunnel axis(big angle intersection).However,the precision of the cave detection is related to interface wave impedance difference of the karst caves,groundwater detection,operator's data acquisition experience and data processing level and so on.If the karst cave is cone or cylinder in geometry,or despite interface of the karst caves is plane,but its boundary horizontal extending plane is paralleled with tunnel axis(normal direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis),it is very difficult to be detected for such kind the karst caves.