Antisense oligonucleotide intralesional therapy for human PC-3 prostate tumors carried in athymic nude mice

To address the question whether calretinin (CR) may protect cells against Ca2+ overload or trophic factor deprivation, PC12 cells were transfected with plasmids containing a CR coding region under control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. Nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment induced differentiation, increased transfection efficiency (at least 10-fold) and activated the CR gene (as found by RNase protection method and immunohistochemistry). Exogenous CR expression was identified either in living cells by fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (when the CR coding region was fused to this protein) or in fixed cells by CR immunoreactivity. Undifferentiated and NGF-differentiated populations of transfected cells were incubated in the presence of a Ca(2+)-ionophore or in media deprived of serum or NGF. Expression of exogenous CR in undifferentiated or NGF-treated cells (due to transfection) or endogenous CR (due to gene activation by NGF) did not render PC12 cells more resistant to insults such as Ca(2+)-overload and trophic factor deprivation.