E.C.Bain在X射线金相学方面的重要贡献

Ｅ．Ｃ．Ｂａｉｒ在１９２１－１９２７年间将Ｘ射线粉晶法引入金相学研究，首先发现ＡｕＣｕ３及Ａｕ３Ｃｕ超点阵结构、Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ的奥氏体面心立方结构、高速钢中的Ｆｅ３Ｗ３Ｃ（Ｍ６Ｃ）碳化物以及铬镍不锈钢中的Ｓｉｇｍａ相。他还对奥氏体的转变进行了深入的研究，提出奥氏体／马氏体相变的晶体学关系（Ｂａｉｎ关系），发展出用Ｘ射线测定残留奥氏体的方法，终于在１９３０年开创奥氏体恒温转变的研究，在中温转变得出的以他

E.C.BAIN''S IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO X-RAY METALLOGRAPHY

During 1921-1927, E.C.Bain made many important contributions to metallography by means of X-ray powder diffraction studies. He discovered the AuCu3 and Au3Cu superlattices, the face-centered structure of the Fe-Mn austenite, the Fe3W3C (or M6C) carbide in high-speed steels, and the Sigma phase in Cr-Ni stainless steels. Through a comprehensive study of the transformation of austenite, he proposed a crystallographic relationship (the Bain relationship) between austenite and martensite and developed the method to determine the amount of retained austenite by X-ray diffraction. This finally led him to study the isothermal transformation of austenite in 1930 and obtained a new transformation product at intermediate temperatures which was named Bainite after him. No doubt he was one of the pioneers in the development of X-ray metallography.