施用石灰对福建低pH植烟土壤的效应

福建烟区土壤酸度较强,土壤pH平均值为5.07。各类土壤pH平均值的大小顺序为:潮沙田 > 紫泥田 > 乌泥田 > 灰泥田 > 黄泥田。每公顷石灰施用量在0~3150kg(土壤pH从5.5调节至6.83),可促进土壤中的NH₄-N转化为NO₃-N。石灰用量与土壤中交换性铁、铝、有效锰、铜、锌、硼含量呈极显著负相关,与土壤中交换钙呈极显著正相关。酸性土壤施用石灰,使土壤中细菌、放线菌、好气性纤维分解菌、亚硝化细菌数量明显增加,真菌数量显著减少;脲酶、蛋白酶活性明显增强,蔗糖酶活性降低。施用石灰量在1350kg/hm2(pH从5.05调节至5.83)的处理,产值比其他处理的增加106.74~2164.23元/hm2,上等烟比例提高3.4~8.9个百分点。 

Effects of Appling Lime on Low pH Soils for Planting Tobacco in Fujian

Soil acidity in tobacco planting area of Fujian Province was strong with mean soil pH value of 5.07. The pH value of various soils were displayed in order:moist sandy field> purple mud field> balck mud field> marl field> yellow mud field. If the amount of lime applied was 0~3150kg/hm2(soil pH value was adjusted from 5.05 to 6.83), it would promote the transfer of NH₄-N in soil to NO₃-N. The amount of exchangeable Al, Fe and available Mn, Cu, Zn, B had a highly significant negative correlation and the exchangeable Ca had a highly significant positive correlation with lime rates. Applying lime in the acid soil, the amount of bacterines, actinomyces, aerobic fibre-decomposition bacterines, nitrite reductase were increased and the amount of fungus were decreased; the activity of urease proteinase were enhanced, and the activity of sucrase was droped. If 1350kg lime/hm2 was applied(soil pH value was adjusted from 5.05 to 5.83), the production value would increase by 106.74~2164.23 RMB/hm2, and the proportion of high quality tobacco leaves would increase by 3.4~8.9 percent,compared with that of other treatmeats.