中国八景文化的潜在世界非遗特质阐析

围绕中国风景园林学会拟定的非遗特质大纲，阐述了八景文化的传承、特征和重大价值，分析了八景文化的存续情况、实物场所和保护状况，从政府、科教、行业3个层面提出了“中国八景文化”保护与传承设想。认为八景是由景物实体、方志中的诗图文等构成的庞大的物质与非物质文化知识体系；其思想本源是“道法自然”的宇宙观和“天圆地方”的时空观，经儒道“天人合一”融通而成，并具有高度公共性、地域代表性、时空均衡性、吉时祥瑞性和持续再创性五大特征；其传承群体是由封建帝王、地方官儒、全民百姓共构而成。提出八景是华夏文明在城市风景规划与建设领域从理论、方法和实践全方位给人类文明带来的独特贡献，是极具冲击世界非遗潜质的大遗产的思想观点。

Explanation of the Potential Characteristics of theWorld Intangible Cultural Heritage of Chinese EightScenes Culture

Based on the outline of the intangible cultural heritagecharacteristics formulated by Chinese Society of LandscapeArchitecture, this paper elaborates on the inheritance, characteristicsand significant values of the Chinese Eight Scenes culture, analyzedthe survival of the Chinese Eight Scenes culture, the physical placesand the protection status, and proposes ideas for the protection andinheritance of the Chinese Eight Scenes culture from three levels:government, science and education, and industry. It is believedthat the Eight Scenes is a huge system of material and immaterialcultural knowledge composed of scenic entities, together withpoems, pictures, and writings in histories. The original thoughtsuggests that the Eight Scenes are the result of the universe viewof "Tao follows nature" and the space-time view of "the sky isround and the land is round", which are fused by "man must seekharmony with nature" of Confucianism and Taoism. It puts forwardfive characteristics of the Eight Scenes: high publicity, regionalrepresentation, space-time equilibrium, auspicious timing andauspiciousness, as well as continuous creativity. The inheritancegroup of the Eight Scenes is composed of feudal emperors, localofficials and scholars, as well as the public. The Eight Scenes is aunique contribution of the Chinese civilization to human civilizationin the field of urban landscape planning and construction in termsof theory, methods and practice, and is a great heritage with greatpotential to impact the world''s intangible cultural heritage.