聚丙烯酰胺类纳米材料的研究进展

综述了丙烯酰胺聚合物（共聚物）纳米材料的研究进展。前言中指出了油气钻采领域应用这类材料的前景。扼要介绍了通过反相乳液聚合制备的丙烯酰胺聚合物纳米微粒。重点介绍了丙烯酰胺聚合物／黏土纳米复合材料制备原理，包括蒙脱土晶体的层状结构、有机化处理的蒙脱土和插层方法及近期合成的多种这类纳米复合材料如纳米复合材料型水凝胶、插层型纳米复合材料、剥离型纳米复合材料等。最后介绍了专为油气钻采研发的3种纳米材料：乙酸铬交联聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土纳米复合材料型水凝胶，可用于油田堵水调剖；具有核-壳结构的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土纳米微粒，可用作钻井液处理剂；有机／无机纳米复合材料型凝胶，可用作钻井堵漏剂。图2参30。

Advances in Acylamide Polymers Nanomaterials

The advances in researches of acrylamide polymer(copolymer) nanomaterials are reviewed.In the preface the prospects of applying these nanomaterials in petroleum drilling and production are discussed.The acrylamide polymer nanoparticles prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization are presented concisely.The acrylamide polymer/clay nanocomposites are presented in some detail with the principles of preparation and varieties illustrated: layered crystalline structure of montmorillinite(MMT),organized MMT,modes of MMT's intercalation,and varieties of nanocomposites synthesized recently such as nanocomposite hydrogels,intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites,and others.Lastly,3 species of nanomaterials developed for petroleum drilling and production are presented: chromium acetate crosslinked polyacrylamide/MMT nanocomposite hydrogel for water shutoff and profile modification;partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide/MMT nanoparticles of core-shell structure as additive for drilling fluids;and organic/inorganic nanocomposite gel for use in lost circulation control.