充填体下切割天井一次爆破成井技术研究与应用

爆破成井是中深孔或深孔采矿方法中关键的一个工艺，主要包括分次或一次爆破成井方式。在中深孔采矿工艺中，切割天井是重要的切割采切工程，通常采用普通法、吊罐法或爬罐法进行施工，存在较大的安全隐患，并且掘进效率较低，严重影响中深孔矿山生产安全高效采矿。为解决上述难题，自上个世纪以来，学者就开始从事爆破成井方面的研究工作，取得了丰富的理论成果及实践经验。 近年来，三山岛金矿开展了下向中深孔分段采矿试验工作，面临充填体下中深孔采场切割天井的施工难题，本文以此为例，介绍了该类型切割天井的一次爆破成井技术及应用效果。通过直孔掏槽法与爆破漏斗法的特征对比，研究了直孔掏槽法切割天井的一次爆破成井技术及应用效果选用直孔掏槽法进行爆破成井。通过爆破参数计算，选用装药孔直径Φ65mm、补偿空孔直径Φ110mm的钻孔孔径，综合考虑确定了装药孔与空孔之间的距离为0.3m，能够满足爆破补偿空间及自由面的要求。结合矿岩稳固条件，选用九9孔掏槽方式，进而制定了炮孔布置方案，即掏槽孔设计1个中心装药孔，12个空孔作为补偿孔，辅助孔4个，周边孔12个，共计29个孔。在确定炮孔堵塞长度、炸药选择、装药结构、微差时间、起爆顺序等工艺参数之后，开展了切割天井的现场工业试验。试验表明：切割天井一次爆破成井方案是可行的，爆破块度均匀，无大块和过粉现象，爆破扰动小，爆破成形规格满足设计要求，爆破效果良好，为其它类似条件的切割天井一次爆破技术应用提供了参考依据。

Research and Application of Cut Patio Under the Fill with One-time Grooved Blasting Technology

. Cut patio construction was a critical process in the medium-deep hole or deep hole mining methods, which mainly includeds staged blasting or one-time grooved blasting. Cut patio wais essential in the medium-deep hole mining technology. The common method, the conventional raising, cage raising and climber raising method was usually used to construct the cutting patio, which has great safety risks and low excavation efficiency, which seriously affects the mine production.It is usually constructed using the conventional raising, cage raising and climber raising method, which has significant safety hazards. The excavation efficiency of these methods is comparabley low, which seriously affects the safety and efficiency of medium and deep hole mining methods. To solve the above problems in recent decades, scholars achieved rich theoretical results and practical experience by studying mine blasting technology. In recent years, Sanshandao Gold Mine hads researched downward sublevel filling mining with medium and deep hole blasting. This research iwas currently facing the problem of cut patio construction under the backfill roof. This study demonstrated a one-time grooved blasting method fitting the backfill roof condition and its application. By comparing the characteristics of the straight-hole cutting method and the blasting crater method, the straight-hole cutting method was selected for the cut patio construction. By calculating blasting parameters, the diameter of the charging hole iwas Φ65mm, and the diameter of the compensation hole iwas Φ110mm. The distance between the charging and empty holes iwas 0.3m, which couldan meet the requirements of blasting compensation space and free surface. In consideration of the surrounding rock stability conditions, a nine-hole cutout method was selected, containing 29 holes, where the cutout hole was designed with 1 central charging hole, 12 empty holes as compensation holes, 4 auxiliary holes, and 12 peripheral holes, after determining the blast hole plugging length, explosive selection, charge structure, differential time, detonation sequence and other process parameters, an in-situ industrial test of cut patio construction was carried out. The industrial test showeds that the one-time grooved blasting plan for patio construction iwas feasible. The blasting rock particle size is uniform with no large blocks and excessive powder, the blasting disturbance is minor, and the blasting patio dimensions meet the design requirements. Overall, this test provideds experiences and a reference basis for other one-time grooved blasting technical applications with similar conditions.