Combustion-chamber crevices: the major source of engine-out hydrocarbon emissions under fully warmed conditions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Engler-Bunte-Institute, Division of Combustion Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany;2. Steinbuch Centre for Computing (SCC), SimLab Energy & Competence Centre ING, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Karlsruhe, Germany;3. Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany;1. Institute of Reactive Flows and Diagnostics (RSM), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;2. Institute of Energy and Power Plant Technology (EKT), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;1. Technical University of Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Reactive Flows and Diagnostics, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, Darmstadt 64287, Germany;2. The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA;3. Barlow Combustion Research, Livermore, USA;1. UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | This article presents a critical review of the studies performed to investigate combustion-chamber crevices as sources of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, and an evaluation of potential technologies for reducing these emissions. Of the combustion-chamber crevices, the piston upper crevice volume is the main contributor to engine-out HC emissions. Chamfering the piston crown or reducing the top-land height and/or the volume behind the top compression ring may result in significant reductions in HC emissions. Modest reductions may also be achieved by reducing the central-electrode crevice of the spark-plug. However, reducing the head gasket crevice of current production engines appears to have little effect on engine-out HC emissions. In general, the sensitivity of the HC emissions to the combustion-chamber crevices is influenced strongly by the in-cylinder flow field and combustion, which influence the concentration of burned gases in the crevice gases. |
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