Donor-Acceptor Charge Complex Formation in Barium Titanate Ceramics: Role of Firing Atmosphere |
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Authors: | K. Albertsen D. Hennings O. Steigelmann |
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Affiliation: | (1) Philips GmbH, Forschungslaboratorien Aachen, P.O.B. 500145, D-52085 Aachen, Germany |
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Abstract: | BaTiO3 ceramics containing Mn acceptors and various Mo, W and Nb donor dopants have been fired in reducing atmosphere and re-oxidized in N2/O2. In single Mn-doped ceramics, Mn2+ is completely oxidized to Mn3+; in N2 containing 50 ppm O2 at T > 800°C. Changes of the Curie point and sample length under reduction and re-oxidation have been detected using dielectric and thermomechanical measurements. Charge compensation and complex formation between acceptors and donors have been observed. In donor-acceptor charge complexes, Mn2+ cannot be oxidized. |
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Keywords: | base metal electrodes multilayer capacitors re-oxidation BaTiO3 donor-acceptor complex |
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