钢的激光增材制造研究进展及前景展望

激光增材制造是一种兼顾精确成形和高性能需求的一体化制造技术,为钢构件的高质量快速制造提供了新思路、新方法。从目前典型钢构件的激光增材制造成形质量控制、组织特征、力学性能和应用现状4个方面出发,主要综述了不同的能量输入及氧含量对成形致密度的影响,提出了如何降低孔隙率的方法,对比了不同激光增材制造工艺方法下,制备模具钢、不锈钢和超高强钢试件热处理前后的微观组织和力学性能。在此基础上,对钢构件激光增材制造的发展趋势和需要进一步深入研究的问题进行了讨论,指出了激光增材制造修复技术与超声辅助工艺相结合的发展前景。

Research Progress and Prospect of Laser Additive Manufacturing of Steel

Laser additive manufacturing is an integrated manufacturing technology that takes both precision forming and high performance into consideration. It provides new ideas and methods for the high quality and rapid manufacturing of steel components. In the present paper, influences of different energy input and oxygen content on forming density of typical steel components in laser additive manufacturing were reviewed in the following aspects: quality control, structure characteristics, mechanical properties and application status. Methods of reducing porosity were raised. The microstructure and mechanical properties of die steel, stainless steel and ultrahigh strength steel specimens before and after heat treatment were compared under different laser additive manufacturing processes. On this basis, the development trend of laser additive manufacturing of steel components and the problems needing further research were discussed, and the development prospect of combining laser additive manufacturing and ultrasonic assisted technology was pointed out.