特种能场辅助微塑性成形技术研究及应用

特种能场辅助微塑性成形技术是利用声、光、电、磁等特殊能量源对微型零件变形过程进行调控的先进制造技术。特种能场已被证明在宏观尺度下对于降低零件加工难度、提高尺寸精度、改善材料微观组织、提升构件力学性能、提高表面质量等存在促进作用。然而,在微塑性成形过程中,材料的变形特性在尺寸效应的影响下与宏观情况存在一定差异。梳理了特种能场辅助微塑性成形技术的研究进展,总结了微型零件在特种能场辅助下的成形特点。其中,着重综述了超声场辅助微成形中体积效应和表面效应的宏观表现及微观机理,展示了多种微成形工艺中超声场对微型零件成形质量的提升效果。同时,重点概述了电场辅助微成形时材料力学性能及微观组织演变规律,剖析了电致塑性效应产生的本质原因。此外,列举了激光、电磁、高压流体等其他特种场辅助微成形的原理及作用效果。最后,对特种能场辅助微成形的发展趋势进行了展望。

Research and Application of Energy Field Assisted Microforming Technology

The energy field assisted micro-forming technology refers to an advanced manufacturing method which controls the deformation of micro parts in assistance with special sources like acoustic, luminous, electrical and magnetic energy. It is proved that the special energy fields could reduce the processing difficulty, increase the dimensional accuracy, improve the microstructure of materials, and promote the mechanical properties of materials. However, in the microforming process, the deformation characteristics of materials differ from the macroscopic conditions under the influence of size effect. In this paper, the progress of energy field assisted forming technology and the forming characteristics of micro parts were reviewed. Firstly, the macroscopic performance and microscopic mechanism of volume effect and surface effect in ultrasonic assisted microforming were reviewed, and the effects of ultrasonic field on the forming quality of micro parts in various processes were demonstrated. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of the material during electric field-assisted micro-forming were summarized, and the intrinsic mechanism of electroplastic effect was illustrated. In addition, the effects and characteristics of other energy field assisted microforming methods like laser, electromagnetic, and micro-hydromechanical aided forming were listed. Lastly, the future development of energy field aided microforming was prospected.