水文要素经典线型拟合方法探讨

为了增强水文观测资料的代表性，需要对其进行插补。基于已有历史实测水文资料，通过Excel内置图形函数及“规划求解”功能，分别建立了年降水量多元线性回归方程、天然河道水位流量、水库（电站）堰闸出流关系、水电站出力关系等函数模型。对模型中的关键参数进行率定，得到能够精确表达以上函数关系的拟合方程。在实际应用中，应注意将函数拟合与变量的物理意义相结合，并尽量扩大样本容量，以提高水文资料精度并实现水文信息化。

Discussion on fitting method of classical line type in hydrology

To improve the representativeness of hydrological measuring data by interpolation, on the basis of the existed historic hydrological measuring data, the multiple linear regression equation of annual precipitation, the function models including the relationship between flow and level in natural river channel, reservoir sluice discharge and openness, relationship of output of power plants, are established through the graphic function and planning solution function of Excel. The key parameters of the models are calibrated and the fitting formula that can express the above relations accurately is obtained. In practical application, the fitting functions and the physical meaning of the variables should be combined and the sample number should be enlarged, which is helpful in improving the accuracy of the hydrological data and realizing the informatization of hydrology.