基于功能截面分解的大型横梁拓扑优化

针对复杂载荷工况下横梁等大型三维结构件拓扑优化结果可读性差、无法对结构优化提供有效指导的问题，提出基于功能截面分解的拓扑优化方法。基于力的分解与等效原理，将三维实体分解为三个平面内的二维功能截面，根据各功能截面的受力方式确定其抗弯或抗扭属性；在此基础上，分别对两个主要承载的功能截面进行二维拓扑优化分析，并综合二维功能截面分析结果完成三维实体的整体拓扑优化，实现了将三维实体拓扑优化问题转化为二维功能截面的拓扑优化问题。以CXK5463车铣加工中心横梁为例，对结构拓扑优化效果进行了验证，仿真实验结果表明，功能截面分解方法可以得到清晰的应力传递路径，在保证横梁静动态特性基本稳定的基础上，横梁减重12.67%，优化效果较为明显。提出的方法可为大型、重型复杂结构件的拓扑优化研究提供借鉴与参考。

Topology Optimization of Large Crossbeam Based on Decomposition of Functional Sections

According to the poor readability of a three-dimensional structural topology optimization model for crossbeam with complex load conditions and the difficulty to get an effective guidance on structure optimization, a decomposition of the functional sections topology optimization method was proposed. Based on the principles of decomposition and equivalence of forces, the three-dimensional solid was decomposed into two-dimensional functional sections in three planes. The properties of resistance to bend or torsion were determined according the stress modes of each functional section; then the two-dimensional topology optimization of each of the two main functional sections was analyzed. The topology optimization of the three-dimensional solid might be accomplished by integrating the results of the analysis. At last, the goal that converting 3D topology optimization into 2D topology optimization might be completed. The crossbeam of turning-milling machining center CXK5463 was used as an example to verify the effect of the proposed method. The simulation results show that: a clear stress transfer path may be got, keeping the static and a dynamic characteristics of the crossbeam stable. The total weight is reduced by 12.67%. The results of the topology optimization are obvious and the helpful instruction and reference may be provided for the topology optimization of large-heavy complex machinery by this method.