建筑生态位原理探析及其生态位构建研究

如同自然生物体的产生、生长、成熟和衰亡一样,一栋建筑通常要经历从材料的开采、加工运输、规划设计、建造、使用维修、更新改造,直至最后的拆除和废弃物的处置这一整个"生命周期"过程。建筑活动涉及材料、技术、能源、社会、经济、文化等诸多因素,是一个复合生态系统。本文以建筑为生态元,视影响建筑的各种自然和社会要素为生态因子,引入生态位概念,探析建筑生态位原理。而后,应用生态位构建原理,从自然与社会两方面探讨可持续发展的建筑生态位策略,为建筑规划设计提供一种新的思路和实践方法,从而打开研究建筑规划设计的新视角。

Discussion on Architecture Niche Theory and Its Niche Construction

Just like other natural organisms that have the process from generation,growth,maturity to decline,a building usually experiences a "life cycle" from exploitation of material,process and transportation,planning and design,construction,utilization,retrofit to demolition.Construction activity is a complex ecosystem involving many elements,such as materials,technology,energy,society,economy and culture.In this paper,the architecture was considered as an ecological unit,and all kinds of natural and social elements having influences on buildings were taken as ecological factors,therefore,the niche concept was introduced and the building niche theory was discussed.And then,by applying the niche construction theory,the building niche strategies for sustainable development from natural and social aspects were further explored.In consequence,a new thought and practice methods for architecture planning and design research were provided and a new perspective was presented.