难采煤岩的高效破碎方法研究

针对我国难采煤岩比例日渐上升,传统煤岩开采方法效率低下的问题,开展了难采煤岩的高效破碎方法综述研究。首先按照工作原理分类,将现有的煤岩高效破碎技术分为纯射流破煤岩、射流辅助机械破煤岩、冲击截齿辅助破煤岩、碟盘刀具破煤岩、激光破煤岩、钻孔胀裂剂破煤岩,阐述了各煤岩破碎技术的工作原理,并初步总结了各技术的优势。其次综述了各煤岩破碎方法的研究现状,对当前国内研究基础进行了概括,并根据现有研究分析了各技术的局限性,通过建立的局限度指标,对不同煤岩破碎技术的局限性做出了评价,其中射流破煤岩局限度最低,激光破煤岩最高,冲击截齿辅助破煤岩、碟盘刀具破煤岩与钻孔胀裂剂破煤岩,在忽略理论局限指标基础上与射流破煤岩的局限度相同,具有同样的工程应用价值与理论研究价值。最后对我国难采煤岩破碎技术的未来发展趋势进行了分析,在考虑到国内煤岩地质条件向深部开采与难采煤岩发展的趋势基础上,提出了“高地应力的克服或利用”“黏性煤岩的黏度预防或黏度失效”2个发展构想,另外考虑到我国物联网的发展与智能化开采的不断完善,提出了我国难采煤岩破碎技术的未来发展趋势与传统技术发展过程不同,是多种煤岩破碎技术并存且相互联合的构想,从而实现薄煤层、硬质煤层、高瓦斯煤层等其他复杂赋存条件下各种煤岩破碎技术的联合工作。

Research of high efficient crushing methods for coal rock

In view of the increasing proportion of hard-to-mine coal and rock in China and the low efficiency of traditional coal rock min?ing methods,a comprehensive review of high-efficiency coal rock crushing methods for hard-to-mine coal and rock had been carried out.First of all,according to the working principle,the existing high-efficiency coal rock crushinng technologies were divided into coal rock breaking by pure jet,coal rock breaking by jet assisted mechanic,coal rock breaking by impact pick-assisted mechanic,coal rock break?ing by disc cutter,coal rock breaking by laser,coal rock breaking by drilling and cracking agent.The working principle of each coal rock breaking technology was expounded,and the advantages of each rock breaking technology were preliminarily summarized.Secondly,the research status of various coal and rock crushing methods was summarized,the current research foundation in China was outlined.Accord?ing to the existing research,the limitations of each technology were analyzed,and the limitations of different coal and rock crushing tech?nologies were evaluated through the established limitation indicators.Among them,the limitation of jetting coal and rock method was the lowest,and that of the laser method was the highest.Pick-assisted coal and rock breaking,disc cutter breaking coal and rock and drilling expansion and cracking agent breaking coal and rock shared the same limitations as jet breaking of coal and rock on the basis of ignoring the theoretical limit indicators,and they have the same engineering application value and theoretical research value.Finally,the future de?velopment trend of China’s hard-to-mine coal and rock crushing technology was analyzed.Taking into account the development trend of deep mining and hard-to-mine coal and rock mining,the two development concepts of the“overcoming or utilization of high in-situ stress”and“viscosity prevention or viscosity failure of cohesive coal”were put forward,and considering the development of China’s In?ternet of Things and the continuous improvement of intelligent mining,and the future development trend of China’s hard-to-mine coal crushing technology and the development of traditional technologies were proposed.Their processes were different.Multiple coal and rock crushing technologies were coexisted and combined with each other so as to realize the combined work of various coal and rock crushing technologies under complex conditions such as thin coal seams,hard coal seams,and high gas coal seams.