A framework for developing urban forest ecosystem services and goods indicators |
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| Authors: | Cynnamon Dobbs Francisco J Escobedo Wayne C Zipperer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 361 Newins-Ziegler Hall, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Bldg 164 Mowry Rd., PO BOX 110806, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;1. University of Florida-IFAS, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, PO Box 110410, Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;2. Universidad del Rosario, Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Kr 26 No 63B-48, Bogotá, Colombia;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, PO Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406, USA;4. Secretaría Distrital de Ambiente, Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, Av. Caracas 54 – 38, Bogotá, Colombia;1. Department Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Italy;2. Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Opole University of Technology, Poland;3. Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany;4. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile;1. Social–Ecological Systems Laboratory, Department of Ecology, c. Darwin, Edificio Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;2. Sociology of Climate Change and Sustainable Development research group, Political Science and Sociology Dpt. Universidad Carlos III, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain;1. Humboldt University Berlin, Institute of Geography, Lab of Landscape Ecology, Germany;2. Humboldt University Berlin, Institute of Geography, Lab of Landscape Ecology and Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Computational 10 Landscape Ecology, Germany;1. Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, 117566, Singapore;2. ETH Zurich, Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, 1 Create Way, Create Tower, #06-01, 138602, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | The social and ecological processes impacting on urban forests have been studied at multiple temporal and spatial scales in order to help us quantify, monitor, and value the ecosystem services that benefit people. Few studies have comprehensively analyzed the full suite of ecosystem services, goods (ESG), and ecosystem disservices provided by an urban forest. Indicators, however, are one approach that could be used to better understand the structure of an urban forest, the suite of ESG provided by urban forests, and their influence on human well-being using a simple, innovative and repeatable metric. This study presents a framework for developing indicators using field data, an urban forest functional model, and the literature. Urban tree and soil indicators for groups of ecosystem functions were used to statistically analyze the effects of urban morphology and socioeconomics on urban forest ESG. Findings show that the most influential ESG indicators were tree cover, soil pH, and soil organic matter. Indicators were significantly influenced by land use and time since urbanization, while analyses of property values and household income did not yield any particularly significant results. The indicators presented in this paper present a first approach to non-monetary valuation of urban forest ESG and can be used to develop urban forest structure management goals and to monitor the effects of urban greening policies on human well-being. |
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