基于里德堡原子的微波全信息测量

介绍了里德堡原子微波电场传感器的工作原理，阐述了基于里德堡原子测量微波电场强度、相位、极化、频率等信息的技术特点，分析了基于里德堡原子的微波全信息测量的研究现状，探讨了当前绝对自校准测量和连续宽带高灵敏测量面临的困难，指出可以通过外场调控实现测量灵敏度提升和宽带连续频率测量；并可通过各种调制及解调手段简化相位、极化的测量和读取。分析了在热原子系统中利用多光子激发消除多普勒展宽以及采用冷原子消除多普勒展宽对于提升微波测量灵敏度的潜在优势，提出未来可利用里德堡原子的高轨道角动量态、强关联等特性进一步提升里德堡原子微波电场传感器性能。

Microwave full information measurement based on Rydberg atoms

This paper introduces the principles of the Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor, elucidating the technical features of measuring the information of microwave electric field strength, phase, polarization, and frequency based on Rydberg atoms. Then it analyzes the current state of microwave full?information measurement based on Rydberg atoms and discusses the challenges faced by absolute self?calibration measurements and continuous broadband high?sensitivity measurements. It points out that measurement sensitivity enhancement and continuous broadband frequency measurement can be achieved through external field modulation. Various modulation and demodulation techniques are suggested to simplify phase and polarization measurements and data reading. The paper also explores the potential advantages to eliminate Doppler broadening effect by adopting multiphoton excitation in atomic vapor cell systems and adopting cold atomic systems to enhance microwave measurement sensitivity. It proposes the possibility for future exploration of such characteristics of Rydberg atoms as high orbital angular momentum states and strong correlations to further improve the performance of Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensors.