Bisphenol A (BPA) and its source in foods in Japanese markets

The determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and/or bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) in foods sold in Japanese markets and in water leached from six epoxy resin cans with similar diameters was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (LC/ECD), LC-mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS) and LC-tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS). BPA concentrations were 0-842?ng?g^-1 for 48 canned foods, 0-14?ng?g^-1 for 23 foods in plastic containers, and 0-1?ng?g^-1 for 16 foods in paper containers. No BADGE was detected in three canned foods. There was no difference in leaching concentrations of BPA into glycine buffers at pHs?8 and 11, and water. The amounts of BPA leached into water from six epoxy resin cans held at 121°C for 20?min were almost the same as the cans' contents and were much higher than the amounts leached from cans held at or below 80°C for 60?min. The amount leached depended on the type of can, but not on the amount of BADGE leached from the cans. Considerably more BPA than BADGE leached to water from six cans. Two cans whose contents had high concentrations of BPA showed no BADGE leaching even at 121°C, suggesting the different kinds of epoxy resin can linings from others. The results imply that the main source of human exposure to BPA is food from cans with linings that contain high percentages of BPA as an additive or an unforeseen contaminant.