实时电价下含V2G功能的电动汽车理性充放电模型及其分析

为了利用实时电价实现电动汽车理性充电，以电动汽车运营收益最大化为目标，以满足电动汽车动力电池充放电容量及电动汽车行程需求为约束条件，构造了一个电动汽车充放电收益最大化模型，该模型较好地表示电动汽车充放电决策。以美国家庭出行调查为依据，根据用户充出行规律，采用蒙特卡洛模拟法模拟用户行程需求，对电动汽车充放电运行的经济效益进行仿真计算和分析。研究结果表明，通过响应电网实时电价，理性充放电模型可显著提高电动汽车的经济效益。同时，由于夜间电价相对便宜而白天相对较高的电价激励，电动汽车多在配电系统负载率较低时充电，在系统峰荷附近反向放电，从而起到削峰填谷的效应。

Modeling and analysis on the rational charging and discharging of electric vehicle with V2G function under real-time prices

Under the constraints of power battery charging and discharging capacity and customer travel needs, an EV charging and discharging model is proposed to maximize the electric vehicle economic benefits and coordinate the charging and discharging of EVs. The vehicle travel behavior data used are derived from the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). Monte Carlo simulation method is utilized to generate the trip''s needs of customers based on actual customers'' travel rule. The economic benefits of electric vehicle charging/discharging are simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that the economic benefits of the rational charging/discharging model can be significantly improved by responding the time of use electricity price. Meanwhile, due to the relatively cheaper off-peak electricity price at night than the expensive on-peak electricity price during the day, electric vehicles tend to charge at low load time and discharge inversely at peak load time in distribution system so as to achieve peak load shifting.