重大海洋产业项目审批中的社会影响评价初探

社会影响评价（SIA）是在经济社会协调发展的观念指导下，针对一定的决策、项目等的社会影响状况进行预评估的一种方法和技术。鉴于重大海洋产业项目对于海洋生态以及海洋居民社会生活方式可能产生的不良后果，确立社会影响评价分析与环境影响评价分析等决策前期论证间的辩证关系，将产业规划导向与社会协调发展统一起来，运用分析评价的调查研究方法与加权分析技术，进行社会影响评价分析的定性与定量的结合型考察，具有紧迫性和重要性。因而，完善重大海洋产业项目的政府审批及其公共治理中的风险防范与综合规制，在项目审批的行政程序开放性与民主性基础上，提出办理程序与评估方法的优化方案，提高海洋经济示范区建设中项目的社会兼容度与发展科学性，是发展海洋经济、推动政府审批改革以及开展海洋经济示范区立法之中不可或缺的维度之一。

A Tentative Study of the Social Impact Assessment of the Approval of Major Ocean Industry Projects

Social impact assessment （SIA） is a method and technology to assess or estimate, in ad- vance, the social consequences of projects guided by the idea of coordinated development of econo- my and society. Since major ocean industry projects could have a negative impact on ocean ecology and people~ community, it is important to build a relationship between the social impact assessment and environmental impact assessment, unify the coordination development of society and industry planning, and carry on the research of the social impact assessment of the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches using the analysis of investigation and weighted analysis. This paper also indicates that it is indispensable to perfect the government approval of major ocean industry projects and the risk prevention and comprehensive regulation in public governance, put forward optimization proposals of procedures based on the openness and democracy of the administrative procedure of pro- ject approval, and improve the social compatibility and development of projects in building the ma- rine economy demonstration area.