长江三峡工程助力长江经济带可持续发展

长江三峡工程是当今世界上最大的水利枢纽工程,具有巨大的防洪、发电、航运、水资源利用等综合效益。三峡工程最早于1919年由孙中山先生提出、1993年经全国人大决策兴建、2008年提前1 a基本建成,至今已安全高效运行10余年,促进了中国经济社会的可持续发展。重点论述了三峡船闸及三峡升船机等三峡通航建筑物的建设关键技术,从提升航运效率出发,对实施三峡船闸运行以及三峡工程、葛洲坝工程两坝航运联调运行的技术和管理措施进行了试验研究,讨论了三峡水库蓄水以来长江泥沙与河道的演变情况。向家坝水电工程运行期的水库航运状况验证了三峡工程蓄水运行以来航运发展的规律,揭示了水电工程与航运发展的相互促进关系。面对未来峡谷河段高水头通航建筑物的发展需求,分析了建设环保节约型及本质安全型通航设施的技术可行性。三峡水库蓄水运行以来的通航统计数据和监测资料表明:三峡工程建成运行使长江黄金水道名副其实,并将在以共抓大保护、不搞大开发为导向的长江经济带发展中发挥更加关键的作用。

Promoting sustainable development of Yangtze River Economic Belt by Three Gorges Project construction

The Three Gorges Project is the largest water conservancy project in the world today and has enormous comprehensive benefits such as flood control, power generation, shipping, and utilization of water resources. It was proposed by Sun Zhongshan in 1919. In 1993, the National People's Congress decided to build it. It was completed in 2008, one year in advance. The project has been safely and efficiently operated for more than ten years, and has promoted the sustainable development of China's economy and society. This paper focuses on the key technology of ship lock and ship lift. From the perspective of improving shipping efficiency, we studied and implemented the technology and management measures of ship lock operation and shipping joint operation between Three Gorges dams and Gezhouba dams. We also discussed the evolution of sediment and river channel in Yangtze River since the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir, shipping situation of the reservoir during the operation period of Xiangjiaba hydropower project in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, verified the law of shipping development since the impoundment of Three Gorges Project, and revealed the mutual promotion relationship between hydropower projects and shipping development. According to the development needs of the high-head navigation structures in the canyon section, the technical feasibility of constructing environment-friendly and intrinsically safe navigation facilities was analyzed. Operational statistics and monitoring data show that the completion and operation of Three Gorges Project makes the Yangtze River Golden Waterway to be worthy of the name. It will also play a more crucial role in the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt guided by the idea of conservation and non-development.