湄公河流域洪水特性分析

采用实测水文资料分析了湄公河流域的洪水特性。结果表明:湄公河流域的洪水主要由暴雨形成,干流水文站年最大洪水主要发生在7~10月;由于河流走向、流域形状与季风活动路线基本平行,全流域性洪水出现的几率很小;老挝境内左岸支流和公河、桑河、斯雷博河汇集而成的"3S"河由于地处降雨高值区,多年平均汛期来水量占柬埔寨上丁站的一半以上;我国境内洪水与万象洪水过程同步性几率较大,与上丁站短历时洪水过程同步几率较大,但仍是上丁站长历时洪水过程的重要组成部分。

Analysis of rainstorm and flood characteristics in Mekong River Basin

The measured data was employed to analyze the flood characteristics of the Mekong River Basin. The results showed that the floods in the Mekong River Basin mainly appeared during July to October. Because the basin shape and the river direction roughly parallel to the monsoon movement direction, the occurrence probability of the basin-wide flood is small. Located in the rainiest area, above 50% runoff at Shangding Station in flood season in Cambodia comes from “3S” rivers called the Gonghe River, the San River and the Srebo River on left bank in Laos. The synchronous probability of the floods in China and Vientiane is large, and it also has high synchrnous probability with short duration flood at Shangding Station, nevertheless, the flood in China is still the main component of flood at Shangding Station.