柬埔寨水资源量时空分布研究

利用柬埔寨境内的水文气象资料,将该国全境划分为2个水资源一级区,5个水资源二级区,40个水资源三级区,分别借助水文比拟法、入渗系数法推求得到各分区的地表水资源量和地下水资源量,进而根据山丘区和平原区的转化特点进行综合分析而得到水资源总量,并据此对柬埔寨水资源量的时空分布特性展开了分析。分析研究结果表明:(1)柬埔寨1981~2010年多年平均水资源总量为1 324亿m~3,其中,地表水资源量为1 288亿m~3,地下水资源量为416亿m~3;(2)从水资源二级区的分区情况来看,柬埔寨境内的水资源总量的年际变化不大,年内分配不均,5~11月的水资源总量占全年的84%;(3)湄公河在柬埔寨境内的产水量和沿海流域入海水量分别占全国水资源总量的79%和21%;(4)柬埔寨的入境水量主要包括湄公河干流上游的来水量(约3 157亿m~3),3S流域上游进入柬埔寨境内的水量(866亿m~3),湄公河流域和西南沿海流域总计出境水量约为5 347亿m~3。

Temporal-spatial analysis on water resources in Cambodia

Cambodia is divided into two first-grade water resources districts, five second-grade water resources districts and forty third-grade water resources districts based on meteorological and hydrological data. We obtained surface and underground water resources for every district using hydrological analogy and infiltration coefficients, and further calculated the total water resources amount based on the analysis of conversion characteristics between hilly areas and plain areas. Based on this we also analyzed spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in Cambodia. The results show that:① average annual water resources amount from 1981 to 2010 was 132.4 billion m3, in which 128.8 billion m3 was surface water resources and 41.6 billion m3 was underground water resources; ② according to the second-grade district, total water resources varies little from year to year, and it is unevenly distributed throughout the year; total water resources from May to November accounted for 84% of the whole year amount; ③ the water flowing into the sea the Mekong River and costal basins account for 79% and 21% of the country's water resources respectively; ④ Water flowing into Cambodia includes 315.7 billion m3 from upper mainstream Mekong River, and 86.6 billion m3 from upper 3S basins in Laos; ⑤ total amount of water flowing out of the country from Mekong River and costal water basins is around 534.7 billion m3.