中国油气盆地的系统研究

本文从地球动力学出发,对我国油气盆地的构造动力、沉积、热动力、水动力、与资源等五个方面进行了系统的研究.根据盆地的基底、时代、原型、叠加、改造,将中国油气盆地分为:东部、中部、西部及七个油气区与29个亚区,并分别阐明了三种盆地的构造模式;在进行盆地古地理重建的基础上,阐明了不同构造期盆地的古地理,沉积盆地的边界与中心,盆地与沉积中心的运动轨迹,并根据古气候、古地理将沉积盆地分为四类;在编制盆地地温梯度图与热流图的基础上,分析了地热成因与影响因素,热史与烃源岩的演化,将中国油气盆地分为:高热、热、温、冷四类;在研究盆地水动力、水化学的基础上,将盆地分为压实流、向心流、穿越流、滞流等四类,说明了它们与油气运移的关系,强调了平面分区、纵向分带的特点;在综合上述系统研究的基础上,总结了中国沉积盆地油气聚集的基本模式,对盆地的生烃量、排烃量、散失量、聚集量提出了看法.简介了我国当前的评价系统,强调了在计算机上进行盆地数字模拟的广阔前景.

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE CHINESE PETROLIFEROUS BASINS

A systematic study of the Chinese petroliferous basins was made with respect to five categories: tectonic dynamics. sedimentology, geothermal dynamics, hydrodynamics and petroleum resources. 1. Tectonic classification of the Chinese petroliferous basins is made according to the basin's basement, time, prototype, superposition and modification. There are three parts (Eastern, Middle and Western), six petroliferous regions and 29 petroliferous subregions in China and three basin structure models are proposed; 2. Four types of sedimentary basins are delineated on the basis of paleoclimate and paleogeography and the basin's paleogeography, boundary and depocenter, the trace of basin and depocenter movement are illustrated from paleogeographical reconstruction; 3. The genesis and influence factors or basin's geothermal history and the evaluation of source rock are analyzed on the basis of the geotherreal gradient and geothermal flow maps of China and the basins can be divided into four types of extremely hot, hot, warm and cool; 4. The relationship between hydrocarbon migration and hydrodynamics are shown, areal separation and vertical zonation are emphasized. Four hydrodynamic systems are compaction flow, centripetal flow, through flow and stagnation flow; 5. Finally, the author summarizes the main model of hydrocarbon accumulation in Chinese sedimentary basins, and gives an idea on the volume of hydrocarbon generated, expelled, dissipated and accumulated. The petroleum resources evaluation system of China is briefly introduced.